Robotic ignition systems for oil fields

In the oil extraction industry, igniting the flare stacks is an essential operation. Oil sites have two kinds of flares, ground flares and flares that installed on towers. The ignition systems generate electrical sparks to burn the gases blowing out of the flares. Due to the permanent high operating temperature and the need for special thermal isolation, classical igniters have low reliability and high cost. In this work, two novel ignition systems have been implemented, the first is the robotic ignition system for ground flares, it utilises a mobile robot which moves toward the flare, avoiding the obstacles in its way and stops after detecting the gas, then it starts igniting the flare before heading to a safe point with no gas and low temperature. The second solution is the automated ignition system to light up the flares on the towers, which is a car that moves on a rail vertically, and begins igniting once it arrives at the tip of the tower, then it comes back to its starting point. As the igniters in both suggested systems are movable, so the system will be exposed to the heat generated by the flame within a very short time, this new feature increases the reliability of the igniter and reduces the complexity and the cost of the system

Facilitating Public Access to Information: the Role of Niger State Library Board Minna

This study investigated the role of Public libraries in facilitating public access to information. The purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. Questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect data from seven (7) Professional librarians and forty-one (41) Para-professional library staff given a total of forty-eight (48) respondents. The sample size for the study was thirty seven (37). The data collected were analysed mean scores. Textbooks, reference sources and newspapers were the only information resources available in the library. Only four (4) out of twelve (12) mechanisms were adopted by the library in providing and enhancing access to information. Lack of fund, lack of current textbooks and lack of conducive learning environment were the major constraints in the library. All the remedies were accepted by the respondents. Based on the findings, the study concluded that public libraries in Niger State lack adequate information resources in providing access to information. This study recommended that public libraries should be adequately funded by the State government.Keywords: Access; Information; Library Board; Public libraries; Role; Minna

Automated quantification system for vision through polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal double‐glazed windows: circuit implementation

Polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal automated quantification system for vision through polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal double‐glazed windows: Circuit implementation (PDLC)‐windows played an essential role in providing a visual comfort for occupants in commercial buildings recently. PDLC windows adjust the visible transparency of the glazing to control the daylight accessed to internal environments. A former study proposed an algorithm to quantify the vision through the PDLC glazing in terms of image contrast. The quantification algorithm determines the minimum level of transparency that maintains a comfortable vision through the window. This study introduced the implementation of a real‐time automated system that achieves the vision quantification process. Firstly, system on‐chip was utilised to realise the quantification algorithm, including contrast estimation. Secondly, the contrast determination action was re‐implemented using MATLAB, Cortex‐A9 microcontroller, and Cyclone V field programmable gate array field programmable gate array‐chip. The implemented systems were evaluated based on the latency, throughput, power consumption, and cost

Synthesis and crystal structure of poly{bis-(3-nitro-2,4-pentanediono)-copper(II)}, [Cu(NO2-acac)2]n

The organo-inorganic polymer, poly[{Cu(NO2-acac)2}3]n, has been prepared and its crystal structure was determined. The structure consists of a trimeric unit in which, acetylacetone ligated symmetrically to copper atoms that pose in the center of octahedrons. The three octahedral fragments of the trimer are linked to each other through nitro group. Crystal Data: C10H12CuN2O8, Mr = 351.76, triclinic, P-1 (No. 2), a = 5.8237(2) Å, b = 7.7963(3) Å, c = 7.8847(3) Å, α = 81.988(2)°, b = 75.294(2)°, γ = 72.217(2)°, V = 328.98(2) Å3, T = 143(2) K, Z = 1, Z' = 0.5, μ(Mo Kα) = 1.703, 3021 reflections measured, 1421 unique (Rint = 0.0156) which were used in all calculations. The final wR2 was 0.0686 (all data) and R1 was 0.0217 (I > 2σ (I))

Management accounting information usefulness and cloud computing qualities among small medium enterprises

Multilayer Perceptron Network (MLP) has a better prediction Multilayer Perceptron Network (MLP) has a better prediction performance compared to other networks since the structure ofthe MLP is suitable for training processes in solving prediction problems. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no ruleof thumb in determining the number of hidden nodes within the MLP structure. Researchers normally test with various numbers of hidden nodes to obtain the lowest square error value for optimal prediction results since none of the approaches has yet to be claimed as the best practice. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the best MLP network by varying the number of hidden nodes of developed networks to predict cycle time for producing a new audio product on a production line. The networks were trained and validated through 100 sets of production lots from a selected audio manufacturer. As a result, the 3-2-1 MLP network was the best network based on the lowest square error value compared to the 3-1-1 and 3-3-1 networks. The 3-2-1 predicted the best cycle time of 5 seconds to produce a new audio product. Hence, the prediction result could facilitate production planners in managing assembly processes on the production line

Quantifying of vision through polymer dispersed liquid crystal double-glazed window

The visual linking of a building’s occupants with the outside views is a basic property of windows. However, vision through windows is not yet a metricized factor. The previous research employs a human survey methods to assess the vision through conventional windows. The recently fabricated smart films add a changeable visual transparency feature to the windows. The varied operating transparency challenges the evaluation of vision. Therefore, surveying human preferences is no longer a feasible approach for smart windows. This paper proposes an image-processing-based approach to quantify the vision quality through smart windows. The proposed method was experimentally applied to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) double-glazed window. The system instantaneously determines the available contrast band of the scenes seen through the window. The system adjusts the excitation of the PDLC film to maintain a desired vision level within the determined vision band. A preferred vision ratio (PVR) is proposed to meet the requirements of occupant comfort. The impact of the PVR on vision quality, solar heat gain, and daylight performance was investigated experimentally. The results show that the system can determine the available vision comfort band during daytime considering different occupant requirements

Thermal Loss Reduction Using a Ventilated Double-Glazed Window for Commercial Buildings in Average-Climate Environments

The power consumption of buildings is exacerbated in modern societies. The most effective load in buildings is heating and cooling systems. Numerous studies have been done on energy saving for buildings recently. Windows are one of the most thermal loads that cause the loss of heat from inside to outside a room during winter. This paper demonstrates an alternative insight into the use of double glazed windows in average climate environments. The proposed system uses an air inject system to impact the heat transfer properties of the window considering the trade-off between the heating load energy saving and air injection power consumption. The theoretical analysis showed a reduction of 52 % in the thermal loss of the window, in addition to a declination in the heat transfer coefficient of the window from 3.5 to 1.8 W/m2K. Consequently, an energy saving of 19 % in the heating capacity has been achieved

Optimisation of wasted air utilisation in thermal loss reduction in double-glazed windows of commercial buildings in cold regions

Ventilating of multi pane-glazed windows using wasted air of buildings is an effective technique to minimize heat loss through windows and save heating energy in cold regions. In low-scaled occupancy buildings with high WWR ratio, buildings supply a low flow rate of wasted air to windows ventilation systems, resulting in a declination in its thermal performance. Therefore, this study introduces methods of managing the utilisation of wasted air in windows ventilation to optimise the energy saving. Two methods have been implemented experimentally on a small-scaled room. The first method is a time-based division of air pump operation, an air pump ventilates multiple windows, one window at a time repetitively. The second method shares the available wasted air to multiple windows. The experimental results and mathematical heat transfer model have been employed to evaluate thermal performance of the system in different methods. The first method showed a best energy saving with a duty cycle of 50% for the air pump, and on/off operation every 10 s. An energy saving of 42.6% has been realized compared to the traditional double-glazed windows, and the heat transfer coefficient was declined from 3.82 to 2.8 W/m2 K. The second method showed an optimum thermal performance when the available flow rate of wasted air was shared with three double-glazed windows. An energy saving of 83.1% was achieved compared to the traditional double-glazed windows, and the heat transfer coefficient dropped from 3.82 to 2.36 W/m2 K

Dynamical Transportation of Aerosols for Extreme Dust Storms Over Al-Jazira Region

The characteristics and classifications of aerosol properties over Iraq was studied in this paper. The 1°×1° grid of monthly aerosol optical depth and angstrom exponent data of the period 2005 to 2017 in Iraq is used from Terra of MODIS. Moreover, the 1°×1° grid of Aerosol Index is used and it is available from NASA's Data and Information Services Center for Earth Sciences (GESDISC). The backtrjectory for 12 dust extreme events over the Al-Jaziraregion was studied by using the Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HySplit-4). The spatial-seasonal aerosol properties over Iraq were obtained from EOS-Aura satellite by Ozone Monitoring Instrument. The high-high clusters of aerosol optical depth and Aerosol Index values which refer to high concentration have been found in western and southern Iraq however low-low clusters have been found in the winter season over the whole of Iraq. According to Angstrom Exponent, there are three kinds of aerosol modes: fine, mixture, and coarse. This classification shows the maximum area under fine aerosols mode has occurred in the winter with 13.6% whereas the spring season did not show any area with fine aerosols mode. Moreover, the coarse mode covers the maximum area during the summer season with 97.7% and the minimum area during the winter season with 77. 2%. To demonstrate the relationship between topography and aerosol characteristics, Aerosol Properties Index is used which shows the degree of aerosol coarseness in each pixel. Using Geographically Weighted Regression and Ordinary Least Squares, the Aerosol Properties Index geographical distribution is strongly influenced by topographic conditions. Where the maximum coefficient of determination has been observed in the spring (R2=0.91) from the Geographically Weighted Regression model, while Ordinary Least Squares shows a lower coefficient of determination (R2=0.33), Geographically Weighted Regression in comparison to Ordinary Least Squares shows a better coefficient of determination in all seasons. The back trajectory for extreme dust events shows that some sources of air masses and their path to the study area through two pressure levels (1000 mb, 850 mb) and the geographical desert in the area of the study are the main cause of dust storms in the study area

Study the Corrosion Inhibition on the Iraqi Fuel Tanks using Cefoperazone Drug

Corrosion is one of the most important problems that face the petroleum industry, both production and refining, and cause damage to petroleum equipment, tanks, and transmission lines, and increasing maintenance costs. in this study ,  was  adding six concentrations of the drug expired Cefoperzone (Exp CEF) (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) to a Simulated Oil Well Water (SOWW), the inhibitive role of (Exp CEF)  drug was investigated to Reduce the corrosion risk of carbon steel. Four different temperatures were used to conduct electrochemical tests (303, 313, 323 and 333 K) to achieve the study. The study was then supported by an examination of the inhibited surface using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive (FESEM) and (AFM). The results indicated occurring the inhibition by an anodic inhibitor that controls the dissolution of iron from steel gave the highest inhibition efficiency (IE%) by adding 500 ppm, while the calculation of polarization resistance (Rp) gave the highest resistance by 400 ppm through adsorption the added drug to show flakes shaped structures with decreasing surface roughness (Ra ) from 307.1 to 83.15  after inhibition. The calculation of adsorption isotherm confirmed the obeying of Langmuir adsorption isotherm by giving the coefficient of linear regression was about one in the range of 0.999 > R^2 > 0.995, with the spontaneous adsorption that estimated from the negative values of 〖∆H〗_ads^o and variation in the type of adsorption to be physically or chemically according to the added concentration because of the differential sign of 〖∆H〗_ads^o . The sign of 〖∆H〗_ads^o was positive that reflecting the increase in randomness at the metal/solution interface.